Parosphromenus opallios 
Kottelat & Ng 2005
Erstbeschreibung:Diagnoses of six new species of Parosphromenus (Teleostei: Osphronemidae) from Malay Peninsula and Borneo, with notes on other species. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 2005 Supplement No. 13: 101 – 113.
Identifikationsmerkmale: Gesamtlänge max. 3,5 cm.Struktur Dorsale:XI-XIII, 6 – 8, total 18 – 19, Anale: XI-XII, 10 – 11, total 21 – 23. ♂ im Prachtkleid oft sehr dunkel werdend, mit je nach Fundortform unterschiedlich ausgeprägten, meist auffälligen roten Zonen, weißlich-türkisfarbenen Flossensäumen und blaugefärbten, gefleckten Ventralen mit hellblauen Filamenten, ♀-Unterscheidung neben der deutlich blasseren Gesamtfärbung und den fehlenden hellen Säumen der ungefärbten unpaaren Flossen vor allem durch die weniger zugespitzte Dorsale, die oft abgerundet wirkt, Körper oft etwas gedrungener wirkend. – Zur Variation s.u.
Verwechslungsrisiko: Im männlichen Geschlecht bei ungenauem Hinsehenhauptsächlich mit anderen teilweise rotflossigen Arten des bintan-harveyi–Komplexes wie beispielsweise rubrimontis und alfredi möglich, bei genauerem Hinsehen in voll ausgeprägtem Prachtkleid aber durch die charakteristische Farbverteilung meistens gut unterscheidbar. Im weiblichen Geschlecht können die Fische freilich auch mit anderen Arten aus der bintan-harveyi–Verwandtschaft leicht verwechselt werden.
Vorkommen/Verbreitung: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah, Gebiet von Sukamara, Becken des Jelai Bila Flusses, bei Kalimati im Arut-Becken (Lamand-Gebiet) nahe Pangkalanbuun und im Benipah-Fluss SW Kubu. Linke ermittelte in dunkelbraun gefärbtem Wasser eine Leitfähigkeit von 9 Mikrosiemens/cm, Härtewerte unter 1 Grad KH und GH und einen pH-Wert knapp unter 4.0. Die Tiere kamen vor allem in den stark verkrauteten flachen Uferzonen vor. Die Art lebt dort in einigen der von ihr besiedelten Lebensräume syntop zusammen mit P. linkei. Da man inzwischen ein sehr viel umfangreicheres Verbreitungsgebiet als früher vermutet („Sukamara“) kennt, ist es möglich bis wahrscheinlich, dass die in der Färbung teilweise abweichenden verschiedenen Formen innerhalb dieses Gebietes Varianten anzeigen, deren genetische Identität oder Trennung noch völlig unbekannt ist.
Gefährdung: Wie bei den anderen Arten, speziell denen des Tieflands, infolge der Regenwaldvernichtung sehr hoch. Dies gilt umso mehr, als die Variation der Art auffällig ist und womöglich auch eine bereits erfolgte Auftrennung in verschiedene, auch genetisch getrennte Populationen anzeigen könnte.
Entdeckung/Ersteinfuhr:Von Kubota, Linke et al. 1990 erstmals gesammelt; womöglich auch früher schon, aber dann nicht als eigenständige Form erkannt. Die Tiere wurden bis zur Beschreibung im Jahre 2005 als P. spec. von Sukamara bezeichnet.
Handel: Die Art wurde zunächst nur von Privatimporten bekannt, ist aber in jüngster Zeit in geringem Umfange auch kommerziell gehandelt worden.
Haltung/Zucht:Nicht von den Standardbedingungen der übrigen Arten unterschieden. Wichtig ist möglichste Keimarmut durch einen sehr niedrigen pH-Wert (von max. 4.5) und die reichliche Anwesenheit von Huminstoffen. Womöglich sind Misserfolge bei der Nachzucht auch durch Populationsunterschiede begründet, deren Hintergrund bisher unbekannt ist.
Verhalten/Besonderheiten: Standard-Höhlenbrüter.Die Art gehört zu denKopf-nach-unten-Balzern. Auffällig ist, dass die von Natur aus farbenprächtigen Fische im Aquarium, besonders bei den Filialgenerationen, gelegentlich ihre intensive Färbung verlieren. Wahrscheinlich dürften allerdings Haltungsfehler meistens die Ursache hierfür sein.
Literatur:
Weblinks:
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For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opallios. This and the following photos is assumed to be P. opallios, based on the photo and the information that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the Southern part of Borneo, Indonesia, — we assume with high certainty that this is opallios. Copyright Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics
DSC02266 kopi
For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opallios. This and the following photos is assumed to be P. opallios, based on the photo and the information that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the Southern part of Borneo, Indonesia, — we assume with high certainty that this is opallios. Copyright Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics
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For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opallios. This and the following photos is assumed to be P. opallios, based on the photo and the information that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the Southern part of Borneo, Indonesia, — we assume with high certainty that this is opallios.
Copyright Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics
DSC02500 kopi
For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opallios. This and the following photos is assumed to be P. opallios, based on the photo and the information that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the Southern part of Borneo, Indonesia, — we assume with high certainty that this is opallios.
Copyright Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics
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For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opallios. This and the following photos is assumed to be P. opallios, based on the photo and the information that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the Southern part of Borneo, Indonesia, — we assume with high certainty that this is opallios. Copyright Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics
DSC02213 kopi
For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opallios. This and the following photos is assumed to be P. opallios, based on the photo and the information that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the Southern part of Borneo, Indonesia, — we assume with high certainty that this is opallios. Copyright Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics
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For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opallios. This and the following photos is assumed to be P. opallios, based on the photo and the information that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the Southern part of Borneo, Indonesia, — we assume with high certainty that this is opallios. Copyright Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics
DSC02160 kopi
For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opallios. This and the following photos is assumed to be P. opallios, based on the photo and the information that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the Southern part of Borneo, Indonesia, — we assume with high certainty that this is opallios. Copyright Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics
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For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opallios. This and the following photos is assumed to be P. opallios, based on the photo and the information that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the Southern part of Borneo, Indonesia, — we assume with high certainty that this is opallios. Copyright Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics
DSC02205 kopi
For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opallios. This and the following photos is assumed to be P. opallios, based on the photo and the information that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the Southern part of Borneo, Indonesia, — we assume with high certainty that this is opallios. Copyright Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics
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For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opallios. This and the following photos is assumed to be P. opallios, based on the photo and the information that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the Southern part of Borneo, Indonesia, — we assume with high certainty that this is opallios. Copyright Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics
DSC02212 kopi
For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opallios. This and the following photos is assumed to be P. opallios, based on the photo and the information that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the Southern part of Borneo, Indonesia, — we assume with high certainty that this is opallios. Copyright Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics
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For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opallios. This and the following photos is assumed to be P. opallios, based on the photo and the information that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the Southern part of Borneo, Indonesia, — we assume with high certainty that this is opallios. Copyright Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics
DSC02143 kopi
For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opallios. This and the following photos is assumed to be P. opallios, based on the photo and the information that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the Southern part of Borneo, Indonesia, — we assume with high certainty that this is opallios. Copyright Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics
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For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opallios. This and the following photos is assumed to be P. opallios, based on the photo and the information that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the Southern part of Borneo, Indonesia, — we assume with high certainty that this is opallios. Copyright Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics
DSC02491 kopi
For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opallios. This and the following photos is assumed to be P. opallios, based on the photo and the information that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the Southern part of Borneo, Indonesia, — we assume with high certainty that this is opallios. Copyright Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics
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Adult male P.opallios in neutral mood Copyright David Jones
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Adult male P.opallios in neutral mood Copyright David Jones
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Same male in display mode — notice the intensified black and red markings on the unpaired fins Copyright David Jones
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Same male in display mode — notice the intensified black and red markings on the unpaired fins Copyright David Jones
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Same male in display mode — notice the intensified black and red markings on the unpaired fins Copyright David Jones
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Same male in display mode — notice the intensified black and red markings on the unpaired fins Copyright David Jones
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Young male Copyright David Jones
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Young male Copyright David Jones
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Adult female Copyright David Jones
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Adult female Copyright David Jones
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Young female Copyright David Jones
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Young female Copyright David Jones