Parosphromenus opal­lios

Kot­te­lat & Ng 2005

Erst­beschrei­bung:Diag­noses of six new species of Parosphromenus (Teleostei: Osphrone­mi­dae) from Malay Penin­sula and Bor­neo, with notes on other species. The Raf­fles Bul­letin of Zool­ogy 2005 Sup­ple­ment No. 13: 101 – 113.

Iden­ti­fika­tion­s­merk­male: Gesamtlänge max. 3,5 cm.Struktur Dorsale:XI-XIII, 6 – 8, total 18 – 19, Anale: XI-​XII, 10 – 11, total 21 – 23. ♂ im Prachtk­leid oft sehr dunkel wer­dend, mit je nach Fun­dort­form unter­schiedlich aus­geprägten, meist auf­fäl­li­gen roten Zonen, weißlich-​türkisfarbenen Flossen­säu­men und blauge­färbten, gefleck­ten Ven­tralen mit hell­blauen Fil­a­menten, ♀-Unter­schei­dung neben der deut­lich blasseren Gesamt­fär­bung und den fehlen­den hellen Säu­men der unge­färbten unpaaren Flossen vor allem durch die weniger zuge­spitzte Dor­sale, die oft abgerun­det wirkt, Kör­per oft etwas gedrun­gener wirk­end. – Zur Vari­a­tion s.u.

Ver­wech­slungsrisiko: Im männlichen Geschlecht bei unge­nauem Hin­se­hen­haupt­säch­lich mit anderen teil­weise rot­flos­si­gen Arten des bintan-​harveyi–Kom­plexes wie beispiel­sweise rub­ri­mon­tis und alfredi möglich, bei genauerem Hin­se­hen in voll aus­geprägtem Prachtk­leid aber durch die charak­ter­is­tis­che Far­b­verteilung meis­tens gut unter­schei­d­bar. Im weib­lichen Geschlecht kön­nen die Fis­che freilich auch mit anderen Arten aus der bintan-​harveyi–Ver­wandtschaft leicht ver­wech­selt werden.

Vorkommen/​Verbreitung: Bor­neo: Kali­man­tan Ten­gah, Gebiet von Suka­mara, Becken des Jelai Bila Flusses, bei Kali­mati im Arut-​Becken (Lamand-​Gebiet) nahe Pangkalan­buun und im Benipah-​Fluss SW Kubu. Linke ermit­telte in dunkel­braun gefärbtem Wasser eine Leit­fähigkeit von 9 Mikrosiemens/​cm, Härtew­erte unter 1 Grad KH und GH und einen pH-​Wert knapp unter 4.0. Die Tiere kamen vor allem in den stark ver­krauteten flachen Ufer­zo­nen vor. Die Art lebt dort in eini­gen der von ihr besiedel­ten Leben­sräume syn­top zusam­men mit P. linkei. Da man inzwis­chen ein sehr viel umfan­gre­icheres Ver­bre­itungs­ge­biet als früher ver­mutet („Suka­mara“) kennt, ist es möglich bis wahrschein­lich, dass die in der Fär­bung teil­weise abwe­ichen­den ver­schiede­nen For­men inner­halb dieses Gebi­etes Vari­anten anzeigen, deren genetis­che Iden­tität oder Tren­nung noch völ­lig unbekannt ist.

Gefährdung: Wie bei den anderen Arten, speziell denen des Tieflands, infolge der Regen­wald­ver­nich­tung sehr hoch. Dies gilt umso mehr, als die Vari­a­tion der Art auf­fäl­lig ist und wom­öglich auch eine bere­its erfol­gte Auftren­nung in ver­schiedene, auch genetisch getren­nte Pop­u­la­tio­nen anzeigen könnte.

Entdeckung/​Ersteinfuhr:Von Kub­ota, Linke et al. 1990 erst­mals gesam­melt; wom­öglich auch früher schon, aber dann nicht als eigen­ständige Form erkannt. Die Tiere wur­den bis zur Beschrei­bung im Jahre 2005 als P. spec. von Suka­mara bezeichnet.

Han­del: Die Art wurde zunächst nur von Pri­vatim­porten bekannt, ist aber in jüng­ster Zeit in geringem Umfange auch kom­merziell gehan­delt worden.

Haltung/​Zucht:Nicht von den Stan­dard­be­din­gun­gen der übri­gen Arten unter­schieden. Wichtig ist möglich­ste Keimar­mut durch einen sehr niedri­gen pH-​Wert (von max. 4.5) und die reich­liche Anwe­sen­heit von Humin­stof­fen. Wom­öglich sind Mis­ser­folge bei der Nachzucht auch durch Pop­u­la­tion­sun­ter­schiede begrün­det, deren Hin­ter­grund bisher unbekannt ist.

Verhalten/​Besonderheiten: Standard-Höhlenbrüter.Die Art gehört zu denKopf-​nach-​unten-​Balzern. Auf­fäl­lig ist, dass die von Natur aus far­ben­prächti­gen Fis­che im Aquar­ium, beson­ders bei den Fil­ial­gen­er­a­tio­nen, gele­gentlich ihre inten­sive Fär­bung ver­lieren. Wahrschein­lich dürften allerd­ings Hal­tungs­fehler meis­tens die Ursache hier­für sein.

Lit­er­atur:

Weblinks:

• For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opal­lios. This and the fol­low­ing pho­tos is assumed to be P. opal­lios, based on the photo and the infor­ma­tion that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the South­ern part of Bor­neo, Indone­sia, — we assume with high cer­tainty that this is opal­lios. Copy­right Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics

  DSC02266 kopi
  

  For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opal­lios. This and the fol­low­ing pho­tos is assumed to be P. opal­lios, based on the photo and the infor­ma­tion that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the South­ern part of Bor­neo, Indone­sia, — we assume with high cer­tainty that this is opal­lios. Copy­right Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics

• For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opal­lios. This and the fol­low­ing pho­tos is assumed to be P. opal­lios, based on the photo and the infor­ma­tion that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the South­ern part of Bor­neo, Indone­sia, — we assume with high cer­tainty that this is opallios.

  Copy­right Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics

  DSC02500 kopi
  

  For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opal­lios. This and the fol­low­ing pho­tos is assumed to be P. opal­lios, based on the photo and the infor­ma­tion that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the South­ern part of Bor­neo, Indone­sia, — we assume with high cer­tainty that this is opallios.

  Copy­right Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics

• For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opal­lios. This and the fol­low­ing pho­tos is assumed to be P. opal­lios, based on the photo and the infor­ma­tion that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the South­ern part of Bor­neo, Indone­sia, — we assume with high cer­tainty that this is opal­lios. Copy­right Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics

  DSC02213 kopi
  

  For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opal­lios. This and the fol­low­ing pho­tos is assumed to be P. opal­lios, based on the photo and the infor­ma­tion that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the South­ern part of Bor­neo, Indone­sia, — we assume with high cer­tainty that this is opal­lios. Copy­right Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics

• For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opal­lios. This and the fol­low­ing pho­tos is assumed to be P. opal­lios, based on the photo and the infor­ma­tion that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the South­ern part of Bor­neo, Indone­sia, — we assume with high cer­tainty that this is opal­lios. Copy­right Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics

  DSC02160 kopi
  

  For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opal­lios. This and the fol­low­ing pho­tos is assumed to be P. opal­lios, based on the photo and the infor­ma­tion that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the South­ern part of Bor­neo, Indone­sia, — we assume with high cer­tainty that this is opal­lios. Copy­right Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics

• For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opal­lios. This and the fol­low­ing pho­tos is assumed to be P. opal­lios, based on the photo and the infor­ma­tion that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the South­ern part of Bor­neo, Indone­sia, — we assume with high cer­tainty that this is opal­lios. Copy­right Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics

  DSC02205 kopi
  

  For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opal­lios. This and the fol­low­ing pho­tos is assumed to be P. opal­lios, based on the photo and the infor­ma­tion that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the South­ern part of Bor­neo, Indone­sia, — we assume with high cer­tainty that this is opal­lios. Copy­right Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics

• For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opal­lios. This and the fol­low­ing pho­tos is assumed to be P. opal­lios, based on the photo and the infor­ma­tion that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the South­ern part of Bor­neo, Indone­sia, — we assume with high cer­tainty that this is opal­lios. Copy­right Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics

  DSC02212 kopi
  

  For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opal­lios. This and the fol­low­ing pho­tos is assumed to be P. opal­lios, based on the photo and the infor­ma­tion that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the South­ern part of Bor­neo, Indone­sia, — we assume with high cer­tainty that this is opal­lios. Copy­right Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics

• For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opal­lios. This and the fol­low­ing pho­tos is assumed to be P. opal­lios, based on the photo and the infor­ma­tion that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the South­ern part of Bor­neo, Indone­sia, — we assume with high cer­tainty that this is opal­lios. Copy­right Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics

  DSC02143 kopi
  

  For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opal­lios. This and the fol­low­ing pho­tos is assumed to be P. opal­lios, based on the photo and the infor­ma­tion that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the South­ern part of Bor­neo, Indone­sia, — we assume with high cer­tainty that this is opal­lios. Copy­right Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics

• For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opal­lios. This and the fol­low­ing pho­tos is assumed to be P. opal­lios, based on the photo and the infor­ma­tion that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the South­ern part of Bor­neo, Indone­sia, — we assume with high cer­tainty that this is opal­lios. Copy­right Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics

  DSC02491 kopi
  

  For a long time we have here at PP not had a photo of P. opal­lios. This and the fol­low­ing pho­tos is assumed to be P. opal­lios, based on the photo and the infor­ma­tion that they have come together with an import of P. linkei. As these two species lives close by each other in the South­ern part of Bor­neo, Indone­sia, — we assume with high cer­tainty that this is opal­lios. Copy­right Anh Tran, Black Water Aquatics

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• Adult male P.opallios in neu­tral mood Copy­right David Jones

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  Adult male P.opallios in neu­tral mood Copy­right David Jones

• Same male in dis­play mode — notice the inten­si­fied black and red mark­ings on the unpaired fins Copy­right David Jones

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  Same male in dis­play mode — notice the inten­si­fied black and red mark­ings on the unpaired fins Copy­right David Jones

• Same male in dis­play mode — notice the inten­si­fied black and red mark­ings on the unpaired fins Copy­right David Jones

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  Same male in dis­play mode — notice the inten­si­fied black and red mark­ings on the unpaired fins Copy­right David Jones

• Young male Copy­right David Jones

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  Young male Copy­right David Jones

• Adult female Copy­right David Jones

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  Adult female Copy­right David Jones

• Young female Copy­right David Jones

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  Young female Copy­right David Jones

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